On two radicals for semigroups (Q1345743)

Let \(\text{rad}(S)\) be defined as the intersection of all right maximal modular congruences of a semigroup \(S\) [see \textit{H.-J. Hoehnke}, Can. J. Math. 18, 449-491 (1966; Zbl 0149.024)]. An element \(x\) of \(S\) is called right quasiregular if it is not a left identity for any proper modular right congruence of \(S\). Define \(Q(S)\) to be the set of all elements \(a\) in \(S\) such that \(an\) is not right quasiregular for any \(n\) of \(S\). It is proved that for any two-sided ideal \(T\) of a semigroup \(S\) that is not the disjoint union of two of its left ideals the equalities \(\text{rad}(T)=(T\times T)\cap\text{rad}(S)\) and \(Q(T)=T\cap Q(S)\) hold (theorems 6 and 13). For any semigroup \(S\) the set \(Q(S)\) is either empty or an equivalence class of \(\text{rad}(S)\) which is a two-sided ideal of \(S\) (theorem 9). The set \(Q(S)\) coincides with the set of all \(b\) in \(S\) satisfying the following condition: for every \(s\) in \(S\) there is a positive integer \(n\) such that \((bs)^n\) is a left zero of \(S\) (theorem 12). Reviewer's remark: The formula \(\text{rad}(T)=\text{rad}(S)\cap(T\times T)\) has been proved for any semigroup \(S\) with zero and any two-sided ideal \(T\) by the reviewer [in Mat. Issled. 48, 123-133 (1978; Zbl 0424.20060), lemma 7 and theorem 1]. Example 1 in the same paper has shown that this formula is false for a finite semigroup without zero.