\(p\)-adic holomorphy rings and Kochen rings (Q1346816)

This paper deals with the \(p\)-adic analogue of the real holomorphy ring \(H_\mathbb{R} (K)\) (for a field \(K\) of characteristic \(0)\), defined as the intersection of the valuation rings belonging to real places \({\mathcal P} : K \to \mathbb{R} \cup \infty\) of \(K\). \textit{H. W. Schülting} [Commun. Algebra 7, 1331-1349 (1979; Zbl 0432.13010)] proved that for any formally real field the following holds: (1) For any valuation ring \({\mathcal O}\) of \(K\), \(H_\mathbb{R} \subset {\mathcal O}\) implies that \({\mathcal O}\) has formally real residue field. (2) \(H_\mathbb{R} = \mathbb{Q} [\{(1 + q)^{- 1}; q \in \sum K^2\}]\). (3) \(H_\mathbb{R}\) is a Prüfer ring with \(K\) as its field of quotients. Now let \(E\) be a finite extension of \(\mathbb{Q}_p\). The \(p\)-adic holomorphy ring \(H_E(K)\) of \(K\) of type \(E\) is defined as \(\cap_{{\mathcal P} : K \to E \cup \infty} {\mathcal O}_{\mathcal P}\). The aim of the paper is to prove an analogue of Schülting's theorem in the \(p\)- adic case. By the Principal Ideal Theorem [cf. Section 6 in \textit{A. Prestel} and \textit{P. Roquette}, Formally \(p\)-adic fields, Lect. Notes Math. 1050 (1984; Zbl 0523.12016)] a stronger form of (3) holds: \(H_E\) is a Bezout ring with \(K\) as its field of quotients. The analogue to (1) and (2) was proved in the first author's doctoral thesis in the case of an unramified extension \(E\) of \(\mathbb{Q}_p\) using the Kochen ring of type \((1,f)\) as defined by Prestel/Roquette. The proof in the general case was obtained later by Roquette who (in an unpublished letter to O. Endler, 1985), for this purpose, introduced the Kochen ring \(R_E (K)\) of type \(E\). In Theorem 2.2, it is shown that the analogues to (1) and (2) hold already if the set \(\vartheta\) of \(p\)-valuations of type \(E\) satisfies a certain condition (a \(p\)-valuation \(v\) is of type \(E\) if the residue field of the coarse valuation associated to \(v\) is a subfield of \(E)\). This condition reads as follows: If \({\mathcal O}\) is a valuation ring of \(K\) such that \(\cap_{v \in \vartheta} {\mathcal O}_v \subset {\mathcal O}\), then there exists \(v \in \vartheta\) with \({\mathcal O}_v \subset {\mathcal O}\). In Section 3, it is proved that this condition is indeed satisfied if this set is nonempty, that is, if \(K\) is formally \(p\)-adic of type \(E\). First, elements \(v \in \vartheta\) are characterized within the set of all valuations of \(K\) through the properties \(R_E \subset {\mathcal O}_v\) and \(vp > 0\) (Theorem 3.9). Also, a characterization of the maximal ideals of \(R_E\) as the intersection of \(R_E\) with the valuation ideal of some member of \(\vartheta\) is given in Corollary 3.10. In Corollary 3.11, a description of the integral closure of \(R_E\) as precisely the intersection of all valuation rings belonging to elements of \(\vartheta\) is given. These last results are used to establish the desired property of \(\vartheta\) (in Corollary 3.12). (Note that in the paper, \(\vartheta\) is called saturated if it has this property, but this does not coincide with the model theoretic use of this term).