A uniform convergence result for semilinear singular perturbation problems violating the standard stability condition (Q1347144)

This paper deals with the singularly perturbed boundary value problem \(- \varepsilon^ 2 u'' + c(x,u) = 0\), \(x \in I = [0,1]\), \(u(0) = \gamma_ 0\), \(u(1) = \gamma_ 1\), where \(\varepsilon\) is the perturbation parameter \((0 < \varepsilon \ll 1)\), \(c\) is a sufficiently smooth function, and \(\gamma_ 0\), \(\gamma_ 1\) are some given numbers. Numerical methods have been considered almost exclusively in the case when \((*)\) \(c_ u(x,u) \geq c > 0\), where \(x \in I\), and \(u \in\mathbb{R}\) or \(u\) is in some ``a priori domain''. It is the purpose of this paper to construct a numerical method for a special case of the function \(c(x,u)\) which does not satisfy \((*)\), and to prove that the method is uniformly accurate. The author uses the classical finite difference discretization on a special mesh which is dense in the layer. The mesh belongs to the class of meshes introduced by \textit{N. S. Bakhvalov} [Zh. Vychisl. Mat. Fiz. 9, 841-859 (1969; Zbl 0208.191)]. The method presented here is second-order uniformly accurate, but it is possible to achieve higher accuracy by using higher-order finite differences. Numerical results are presented.