On multipliers and \(L\)- and \(M\)-projections in Banach lattices and Köthe function spaces (Q1353543)

An analysis of multipliers and \(M\)- and \(L\)-projections is provided for various Banach lattices including Köthe spaces, and rearrangement invariant Köthe spaces such as the Orlicz spaces. Note that an operator \(T\) on a Banach space is called a multiplier if every extreme point of the closed unit ball in \(E^*\) (where * denotes the dual) is an eigenvalue for \(T^*\) and a projection \(P\) is called an \(M\)-projection if \(\| x\|= \max\{\| P(x)\|,\| x- P(x)\|\}\) (and an \(L\)-projection if \(\| x\|\) is the sum of the two terms in brackets). It is shown the \(M\)- and \(L\)-projections on complex Banach lattices are band projections and in some cases this is valid for \(L\)-projections on real Banach lattices. A study of the Köthe function spaces (real or complex) provides a number of insights. For example, for complex (and for some real) Köthe spaces every multiplier is in fact a multiplication operator (i.e., there exists an \(h\) so that each \(f\) maps to \(fh\)). It is established that if \(E\) is among a class of rearrangement invariant Köthe spaces of \(\mu\)-measurable functions, then the existence of a nontrivial \(L\)- or \(M\)-projection implies \(E\) is equal to \(L_1(\mu)\) or \(L_\infty(\mu)\) respectively. Further, results for Orlicz spaces are presented. For example, multiplier operators will be multiples of the identity operator.