The Jacobson radical of graded PI-rings and related classes of rings (Q1355551)

The authors study the problem of when the Jacobson radical of an \(S\)-graded algebra \(R\) is homogeneous. It is shown that for a cancellative semigroup \(S\) and \(S\)-graded PI-algebra \(R\) over a field of characteristic zero, the radical of \(R\) is homogeneous. A semigroup \(S\) is called a u.p.-semigroup if for any two nonempty finite subsets \(X\), \(Y\) of \(S\), there exists an element of \(S\) which is uniquely expressed as \(xy\), \(x\in X\), \(y\in Y\). Every u.p.-semigroup is cancellative. The second main theorem in the paper is: Let \(S\) be a u.p.-semigroup, and let \(R\) be an \(S\)-graded ring satisfying the condition that all nil subsemigroups \(H(R/J_{gr}(R))\) are locally nilpotent, or every nil subsemigroup of primitive homomorphic images of \(R\) is locally nilpotent, or every minimal prime ideal is completely prime, or for every minimal prime ideal \(P\), \(R/P\) embeds in a simple artinian ring, then \(J(R)\) is homogeneous.