Darboux coordinates on coadjoint orbits of Lie algebras (Q1357225)

This paper is one of the last papers of the authors of a series on the loop algebraic theory of integrable systems on coadjoint orbits. Many finite-dimensional integrable systems can be obtained as integrable Hamiltonian systems on coadjoint orbits on the dual of Lie algebras (for example, the Euler equations on \(so(3)^\ast\) for rigid body motion). This is an important reason to study integrable Hamiltonian systems on coadjoint orbits. The authors consider the following methods in order to construct completely integrable systems on coadjoint orbits: the Mischenko-Fomenko (MF) technique [see \textit{A. S. Miščenko} and \textit{A. T. Fomenko}, Tr. Semin. Vektorn. Tenzorn. Anal. Prilozh. Geom. Mekh. Fiz. 19, 3-94 (1979; Zbl 0452.58015)] and the Adler-Kostant-Symes (AKS) theorem (see for example the paper by \textit{M. Adler} [Invent. Math. 50, 219-248 (1979; Zbl 0393.35058)]). In fact, the MF technique is a particular case of the AKS theorem. The Euler equations are MF type flows on \(so(3)^\ast\). Many well-known examples of integrable systems can be studied as shifted AKS type flows on finite dimensional orbits of loop algebras. The authors in [Commun. Math. Phys. 155, No. 2, 385-413 (1993; Zbl 0791.58047)] began the study of this case. They introduced in that paper a new ingredient for this study, the spectral Darboux coordinates: Darboux coordinates on these orbits that are obtained from a divisor of a section of the dual eigenvector line bundle over the invariant spectral curve defined by the characteristic equation of the point. These coordinates are suited to integrate the flows of shifted AKS type Hamiltonians. In this paper, the authors show how to obtain spectral Darboux coordinates on coadjoint orbits of finite dimensional Lie algebras. Some examples are shown: \(sl(2)\), \(sl(3)\), \(so(3)\) and rank two orbits on \(so(n)\).