Dynamical theories of electromagnetism and superconductivity based on gauge invariance and energy (Q1357886)

This paper introduces an unusual framework for classical electromagnetism in which the main part is played by the electromagnetic potential, gauge invariance, an appropriate version of the second law of thermodynamics and the constitutive equations that define certain types of material. The purpose is to develop a theory of superconductivity that is supplemented by a complex wavefunction \(\psi\) and complex microforces that are weak-conjugate to temporal changes in \(\psi\). The theory is developed using nonstandard notions of work and energy, with energy transfer based on the author's experiences with theories of deformation and diffusion in which temporal changes in the energy of a control volume are caused by the transport of material and by the forces associated with changes in state. The part of the paper dealing with superconductivity includes sections dealing with quantum mechanical coupling, gauge invariant functions, the second law and weak coupling to mention but a few of the topics that are examined in detail.