Formulas for solutions and coefficients of second-order differential equations (Q1358031)

We consider second-order partial differential equations in which, together with solutions, the sought values are their coefficients. This is a typical peculiarity of inverse problems. The main direction of study is the search for reciprocal formulas connecting solutions and coefficients and involving arbitrary functions as well as functions satisfying some differential relations. We write out such formulas for evolution equations of first and second order in time, in particular, for parabolic and hyperbolic equations. This topic relates to the classical d'Alembert-type formulas, functionally invariant solutions, the ray method formulas, harmonic functions, etc.