Classes of generalized nilpotent and soluble groups (Q1358032)

Let \(\mathcal X\) be a subclass of the class \(\{S\times\ldots^n\times S\mid S\) is a simple group, \(n\in\mathbb{N}\}\) such that if \(S\times\ldots^n\times S\in{\mathcal X}\) then \(S\times\ldots^r\times S\in{\mathcal X}\) for all \(r\geq n\). A chief factor \(F\) of a group \(G\) is an \(\mathcal X\)-chief factor of \(G\) if \(F\in{\mathcal X}\). Given a group \(G\) the author introduces the subgroups \(F_{\mathcal X}(G)=\bigcap\{C_G(F)\mid F\) is a non-Frattini \(\mathcal X\)-chief factor of \(G\}\) if the set of non-Frattini \(\mathcal X\)-chief factors of \(G\) is nonempty, otherwise \(F_{\mathcal X}(G)=G\); \(C_{\mathcal X}(G)=\bigcap\{C_G(F)\mid F\) is an \(\mathcal X\)-chief factor of \(G\}\) if the set of \(\mathcal X\)-chief factors of \(G\) is nonempty, otherwise \(C_{\mathcal X}(G)=G\); and \(R_{\mathcal X}(G)=\bigcap\{C_G(F)\mid F\) is a nonabelian \(\mathcal X\)-chief factor of \(G\}\). Then the classes \(C({\mathcal X})=\{G\mid C_{\mathcal X}(G)=G\}\), \(F({\mathcal X})=\{G\mid F_X(G)=G\}\), and \(R({\mathcal X})=\{G\mid R_{\mathcal X}(G)=G\}\) are studied. The class \(C({\mathcal X})\) is an \(\mathbb{N}_0\)-closed formation and conditions are determinated to characterize when \(C({\mathcal X})\) is a saturated formation or a Fitting class. \(R({\mathcal X})\) is a saturated \(\mathbb{N}_0\)-closed and extensible formation and \(F({\mathcal X})\) is an \(\mathbb{N}_0\)-closed Schunck class. Finally it is obtained that \(\text{Proj}_{F({\mathcal X})}(G)=\text{Cov}_{C({\mathcal X})}(G)\) for groups \(G\in R({\mathcal X})\) where \(\mathcal X\) is a class such that \(S^n\in{\mathcal X}\), for all \(n\in\mathbb{N}\) and \(S\in{\mathcal X}\).