Linear differential equations and products of linear forms (Q1358929)

Let \( L(y)=0 \) be an \( n\)th-order linear differential equation over a differential field \( k \) of characteristic \( 0 \) whose field of constants \( {\mathcal C }\) is algebraically closed, and let \( G \) be its Galois group. In order to improve their algorithm for computing Liouvillian solutions of \( L\), the authors study solutions whose logarithmic derivative is algebraic of degree \( m\) over \(k\). The group \( G \) acts linearly on the solution space \( V \) of \( L \), hence on its \( m\)th symmetric power \( V_{m}\). Given a fundamental set of solutions of \( L\), one gets an isomorphism between the space \( V_{m} \) and the set \( P_{m,n} \) of homogeneous polynomials of degree \( m \) in \( n \) variables over \( {\mathcal C}\). Let's remark that the solution space of the \( m\)th symmetric power of \( L \) can be a strict quotient of \( V_{m} \) when solutions of \( L \) satisfy some homogeneous polynomial relation of degree \( m\). Roughly speaking, the authors produce a one-to-one correspondence between solutions of \( L \) whose logarithmic derivative is algebraic of degree \( m \) and polynomials \( F \) of \( P_{m,n} \) which factor into linear forms and are ``semi-invariant'' (namely which are invariant up to a constant factor under the action \( G\)). Homogeneous polynomials in several variables factorizable into a product of linear forms are given by ``Brill equations''. This fact allows to find factorizable \( F \) among the semi-invariant ones. Once such an \( F \) is found, its factorization enables one to compute a polynomial whose zeros are logarithmic derivatives of solutions of \( L\). Several explicit computations are given when \( n=3\). They throw light on the way to manage using the general algorithm under various circumstances.