On smoothness and blowing ups of arithmetic schemes (Q1360061)

Fix a field \(k\) and consider the class of all varieties which are smooth over \(k\). If \(W @>\pi>> \text{Spec} (k)\) is within this class, we can attach to it a relative tangent bundle or, equivalently, a locally free sheaf \(\Omega^1_{W/k}\) of relative differentials. This tangent bundle, intrinsic to \(\pi\), plays a central role in algebraic geometry. For instance (a) in studying the birational class of \(W\), (b) in analyzing the singular locus of a closed embedded subscheme of \(W\) (e.g. jacobian ideals). Essential for the development of some of these problems is the fact that the class is closed by blowing up regular centers, namely has the following property: (P) Let \(W\) be smooth over \(k\), \(C\) a regular closed subscheme of \(W\), and \(W\leftarrow W_1\) the blow-up at \(C\). Then \(W_1\) is also in the class (is also smooth over the field \(k)\). However, this property fails to hold if we consider now the class of smooth schemes over \(\mathbb{Z}\). In this work we replace \(\text{Spec} (k)\) by a Dedekind scheme of characteristic zero (for instance \(Y=\text{Spec} (\mathbb{Z}))\), and define a class of schemes over \(Y\) such that: (1) the class includes the smooth schemes over \(Y\), (2) to any \(W @>\pi>> Y\) in the class there is an intrinsically defined tangent bundle, (3) the class is closed by blowing up convenient regular centers. As an application, in \(\S 4\), we analyze the behaviour of jacobian ideals of embedded arithmetic schemes.