Fractional differentiation and integration of variable order (Q1360763)

The paper deals with the fractional integration and differentiation operators of variable order \(\alpha(x)\): \[ I^{\alpha(x)}_+\varphi(x)= {1\over\Gamma[\alpha(x)]} \int^x_{-\infty} {\varphi(t)dt\over(x- t)^{1-\alpha(x)}}\quad (\alpha(x)> 0) \] and \[ D^{\alpha(x)}_+f(x)= \lim_{\varepsilon\to 0} D^{\alpha(x)}_{+,\varepsilon}f(x)\quad (0<\alpha(x)<1), \] where \[ D^{\alpha(x)}_{+\varepsilon}= {\alpha(x)\over\Gamma[1- \alpha(x)]} {d\over dx} \int^\infty_\varepsilon {f(t)- f(x- t)\over t^{1+\alpha(x)}} dt. \] When \(\alpha(x)= \alpha\) is a constant, \(I^\alpha_+\varphi\) and \(D^\alpha_+f\) are the Liouville fractional integral and the Marchaud fractional derivative, respectively [see Section 5 in the book by \textit{S. G. Samko}, \textit{A. A. Kilbas} and \textit{O. I. Marichev}, ``Fractional integrals and derivatives. Theory and applications'' (Russian: 1987; Zbl 0617.26004; English translation: 1993; Zbl 0818.26003)]. The relation \[ \lim_{\varepsilon\to 0} D^{\alpha(x)}_{+,\varepsilon} I^{\alpha(x)}_+\varphi= \varphi(x)+ K\varphi(x),\;K\varphi(x)= \int^x_{-\infty} {\mathcal K}(x,x-\tau) \varphi(\tau)d\tau, \] with the special kernel \({\mathcal K}(x,t)\) is proved. This formula is applied to show that the operator \(I^{\alpha(x)}_+\) considered on \(L_p(-\infty, N)\) \((N\leq +\infty)\) is left-invertible, and the operator \(D^{\alpha(x)}_+\) coincides with \([I^{\alpha(x)}_+]^{-1}\) up to the above Volterra integral operator, namely \[ D^{\alpha(x)}_+= (I+ K)[I^{\alpha(x)}_+]^{-1}. \] See in this connection \textit{S. G. Samko} [Anal. Math. 21, No. 3, 213-236 (1995; Zbl 0838.26006)].