Normality with respect to powers of a base (Q1362075)

The authors extend the results of \textit{A. Bertrand}'s thesis [Répartition modulo un des suites exponentielles et de dynamiques symboliques, Univ. Bordeaux I (1986)] and show that no further extension is possible. Let \(B(\theta)\) be the set of \(x\in\mathbb{R}\) such that the sequence \(\{\theta^nx :n=1,2, \dots\}\) is uniformly distributed modulo 1. Bertrand proved that if \(\theta^k \pm\theta^{-k} \in\mathbb{Z}\), then for any non-zero integer \(q\) and positive integer \(r\), \(B(\theta) =B(\theta)/q\) and \(B(\theta) \subset B(\theta^r)\). The authors prove (i) that for \(r \neq s\), \(B(\theta^s) \subset B(\theta^r)\) if and only if there is a positive integer \(k\) such that either \(\theta^k \in\mathbb{Z}^+\) and \(\mathbb{Q} (\theta^r) \subset\mathbb{Q} (\theta^s)\) or \(\theta^k \pm \theta^{-k} \in \mathbb{Z}^+\) and \(s\mid r\); and (ii) that for any integer \(q>1\), \(B(\theta) =B(\theta)/q\) if and only if there is a \(k\in\mathbb{Z}^+\) such that either \(\theta^k \in\mathbb{Z}^+\) or \(\theta^k \pm \theta^{-k} \in\mathbb{Z}^+\). Corrections to the paper `A decomposition theorem for numbers in which the summands have prescribed normality properties' [J. Number Theory 24, 259-271 (1986; Zbl 0599.10046)] by \textit{G. Brown}, \textit{W. Moran} and \textit{C. E. M. Pearce} are also given.