The acoustic cross-section method for evaluation of porous material parameters (Q1362326)

We compare methods used in theoretical mechanics with typical acoustic methods. First, the static averaging method for mechanical properties of porous media is considered. This method allows the determination of the equivalent static moduli of elasticity, but it is insufficient for purposes of acoustics. Dynamic methods are more useful. The basis here is an equation of motion where a complex value, including the dynamic processes and medium losses, is attributed to the tensor of elasticity. The theory of ``complex cross-sections'' is presented, where a disturbance of the acoustic wave propagation by a single inclusion is considered in a homogeneous medium. Then, a disturbance introduced by a set of inclusions is calculated using a notion of the cross-sectional density. Hence, general formulae appear for the velocity and the attenuation of an acoustic wave as a function of the cross-sectional density. Examples of spherical elastic inclusions in fluid media and empty spherical inclusions in solid media are examined.