Integral models of certain Shimura curves (Q1363114)

Let \(D\) be an indefinite nonsplit quaternion algebra over \(\mathbb{Q}\), and let \(d= \text{disc} (D)\). Let \(\mathcal O_D\) be a maximal order of \(D\), and let \(\mathcal O_{D,f} = \mathcal O_D \otimes_{\mathbb{Z}} \widehat{\mathbb{Z}}\). If \(R= \varprojlim (\mathbb{Z}/ M \mathbb{Z})\), where the limit is taken over all positive integers \(M\) prime to \(d\), then an isomorphism \(\mathcal O_D \otimes_{\mathbb{Z}} R \to M_2 (R)\) induces a natural map \(u_M: \mathcal O_{D,f}^\times \to GL_2 (\mathbb{Z}/ M \mathbb{Z})\) for any positive integer \(M\) prime to \(d\). Let \(U\) be a compact open subgroup of \(\mathcal O_{D,f}^\times\) with \(\det (U) = \widehat{\mathbb{Z}}^\times\) that is maximal at primes dividing \(p\). Assume that \(U \subset V_1(N)\) for some \(N \geq 4\) prime to \(d\), where \(V_1 (N)\) is the preimage of \(\{ \left( \begin{smallmatrix} a&b\\ c&d \end{smallmatrix} \right) \in GL_2 (\mathbb{Z}/ N \mathbb{Z}) \mid c=0, d=1 \}\) under the map \(u_N\). Let \(U_\infty \subset (D \otimes \mathbb{R})^\times\) be the stabilizer of \(\sqrt{-1}\) under the natural action of \((D \otimes \mathbb{R})^\times \cong GL_2 (\mathbb{R})\) on the union \(\mathcal H^\pm\) of the upper and lower half planes. Then there is a complex curve \(X^D (U)_{\mathbb{C}}\) whose \(\mathbb{C}\)-valued points are naturally in bijection with the set \(D^\times \backslash (D \otimes_{\mathbb{Q}} \mathbb{A})^\times / U \cdot U_\infty\), where \(\mathbb{A}\) is the ring of adeles of \(\mathbb{Q}\). In this paper, the author studies certain integral models of these curves. In particular, he obtains the analogues of the results of \textit{P. Deligne} and \textit{M. Rapoport} [Lect. Notes Math. 349, 143-316 (1973; Zbl 0281.14010)] on the bad reduction of modular curves in this more general setting.