Isomorphisms between moduli spaces of \(SL(2)\)-bundles with connections on \(\mathbb{P}^1\backslash \{x_1,\dots,x_4\}\) (Q1364786)

Okamoto found that the sixth Painlevé equation \(P_{\text{VI}}\) has a big group of symmetries [\textit{K. Okamoto}, Ann. Mat. Pura Appl., IV. Ser. 146, 337-381 (1987; Zbl 0637.34019)]. It is a classical fact (translated in the modern language) that \(P_{\text{VI}}\) can be interpreted as an algebraic connection on a family \(M\to\Theta\) of moduli spaces. The fibers \(M_{\theta}\) over \(\theta\in\Theta\) are moduli spaces of \(SL(2)\)-bundles with connections on \(\mathbb{P}^1\setminus\{x_1,\ldots ,x_4\}\). In this paper the authors prove that \(P_{\text{VI}}\) is the unique algebraic connection on \(M\) over \(\Theta\). Moreover, according to Okamoto's paper, they explicitly construct a big group \(G\) acting on the family \(M\to\Theta\) . More precisely \(G\) is defined as the group of automorphisms of the Picard group of the stack \({\mathcal M}_{\theta}\) corresponding to each fiber \(M_{\theta}\) preserving degree and a certain bilinear form. \(M_{\theta}\) is geometrically constructed as an open subscheme of a suitable blow-up of a Hirzebruch surface.