Integrated semigroups and related partial differential equations (Q1364834)

Let \(A\) be the generator of an exponentially bounded, \(n\) times integrated cosine family \((S(t))\) on a Banach space \(X\). The author proves the following results: (1) If \(A\) is densely defined, then \(A\) is the generator of a (not necessarily strongly continuous) holomorphic semigroup of angle \(\pi/2\); an explicit formula for this semigroup is given in terms of the \(n\)th Hermite polynomial. If in addition \(|S(t)|\leq Mt^n\) for all \(t\geq 0\), then this semigroup is strongly continuous. (2) If \(A\) is densely defined and \(|S(t)|\leq Mt^n\) for all \(t\geq 0\), then \(iA\) is the generator of an \(\beta\)-times integrated group for all \(\beta> n+1/2\). Relationships with ultradistributions semigroups are also given. In the final section the author shows that sum of \(N\) resolvent commuting generators \(A_i\) of bounded cosine families is closable, that its closure \(A\) is the generator of an \(\alpha\)-times integrated semigroup \(S_\alpha(t)\) for all \(\alpha> (N-1)/2\), and that we have an estimate \(|S_\alpha(t)|\leq M_\alpha t^\alpha\) for \(t\geq 0\). Moreover, \(iA\) is the generator of an \(\beta\)-times integrated group for all \(\beta>N/2\). For the particular case where \(A_i= \partial^2/\partial x_i^2\) and \(A=\Delta\) in \(X=C_0(\mathbb{R}^N)\) resp. \(L^p(\mathbb{R}^N)\) these results are optimal; this follows from the optimality of the generation bounds for \(\Delta\), which was proved by Hieber using the theory of Fourier multipliers.