An example of a strange nonchaotic attractor (Q1364865)

The paper deals with the following discrete dynamical system \[ \vartheta_{n +1} =\{\vartheta_n +\alpha\}, \quad X_{n+1}= \sigma \cos(2 \pi\vartheta_n) \tanh (X_n), \tag{1} \] where \(\sigma\), \(\alpha \in\mathbb{R}\), \(\alpha\) is irrational and the braces \(\{\cdot\}\) stand for the fractional part of a number. This dynamical system is determined by a mapping \(T:[0,1] \times \mathbb{R} \to [0,1] \times\mathbb{R}\) of the form \[ T(\vartheta,x) =\bigl( \{\vartheta +\alpha\}, \quad \sigma \cos (2\pi \vartheta) \tanh (x)\bigr). \tag{2} \] The authors prove that there exists a unique \(T\)-invariant measure \(\mu\) on \([0,1] \times \mathbb{R}\) such that the projection of this measure on [0,1] is the Lebesgue measure on [0,1] and \(\mu([0,1] \times \{0\}) =0\). Further it is shown that the measure \(\mu\) is supported on the set \(A\) that is the union of the graph of some positive measurable function \(\varphi (\vartheta)\) and the graph of \(-\varphi (\vartheta)\). The set \(A\) is interpreted as an attractor. Finally, the authors prove that the dynamical system \((T,A,\mu)\) has a mixed spectrum and the corresponding unitary operator of this dynamical system has a purely discrete spectrum. This interesting paper is well written.