The inverse problem for the Hill operator. A direct approach (Q1365352)

We consider the Hill operator \(T=-d^2/dx^2+ V(x)\) acting on \(L^2(\mathbb{R})\), where \(V\in L^2(0,1)\) is an even 1-periodic real potential. The spectrum of \(T\) consists of intervals separated by gaps \(G_n= (A^-_n,A^+_n)\), \(n\geq 1\). Let \(h_n\) be the heights of the vertical slits on the quasimomentum domain, and let \(M^\pm_n\) be the effective masses associated with the endpoints of the gap \(G_n\). We denote by \(g_n\), \(n\geq 1\), the gaps of the operator \(\sqrt{T-A^+_0}\geq 0\), where \(A^+_0\) is the left end of the spectrum of \(T\), and we introduce ``effective masses'' \(\mu^\pm_n\) associated with the gap \(g_n\). Using nonlinear functional analysis in Hilbert space, we solve the inverse problem for the mappings \(V\to\{|g_n|\}\), \(V\to\{h_n\}\), \(V\to\{\mu^\pm_n\}\), \(V\to\{|G_n|\}\), and \(V\to\{M^\pm_n\}\).