Frames of cycles and directed cycles (Q1366909)

Let \(n> m\geq 3\) be integers. The framing number \(\text{fr}(C_m, C_n)\) of a cycle \(C_n\) of length \(n\) is defined as the minimum order of a graph every vertex of which belongs to an induced \(C_m\) and an induced \(C_n\). The framing number for a directed cycle is defined analogously using digraphs. In this paper all nonisomorphic frames of those pairs of cycles \(C_m\) and \(C_n\) which have framing number \(n+ 2\) are determined. The analogous directed problem is also determined.