Marcinkiewicz-Zygmund-type inequalities, trigonometric interpolation on non-uniform grids and unconditional Schauder bases in Besov spaces on the torus (Q1368788)

The classical Marcinkiewicz-Zygmund inequality gives the equivalence of the \(L^p\)-norms \[ \| T_n| L_p\| =(\int_0^{2\pi} | T_n(x)| ^pdx)^{1\over p} \] and the discrete norms \[ \| T_n| X_n,p\| = \left({1\over 2n+1}\sum_{k=0}^{2n}| T_n(x_{nk})| ^p\right)^{1\over p} \] for every trigonometric polynomial \(T_n\) of degree \(\leq n\) and every \(1<p<\infty\), where \(x_{nk}={2\pi k\over 2n+1}\), \(k=0,1,\dots,2n\), and \(X_n=\{x_{nk}\}_{k=0}^{2n}\). The authors prove a generalisation to nonuniform knots \(y_{nk}\) satisfying \({2\pi(k-\sigma)\over 2n+1}\leq y_{nk} < {2\pi(k+\sigma)\over 2n+1}\) for \(0<\sigma<\sigma_p<{1\over 2}\), where \(\sigma_p\) is an explicitly given constant. Furthermore, for \(1<p<\infty\), \(0<q\leq \infty\), and \(s>{1\over p}\), they characterise the periodic Besov spaces \(B_{pq}^s\) by the error of trigonometric interpolation in such nonuniform knots. More precisely, in Theorem 4 they show the equivalence, under the above assumptions, of the following conditions: (i) \(f\in B_{pq}^s\), (ii) \(f\in C\) and \(| f(y_{00})| +(\sum_{n=0}^\infty((1+n)^{s-{1\over q}} \| f-I_nf| L_p\|)^q)^{1\over q}<\infty\), (iii) \(f\in C\) and \(| f(y_{00})| +(\sum_{n=0}^\infty 2^{nsq} \| f-I_{2^n-1}f| L_p\| ^q)^{1\over q}<\infty\), (iv) \(f\in C\) and \(| f(y_{00})| +(\sum_{n=0}^\infty 2^{nsq} \| I_{2^{n+1}-1}f-I_{2^n-1}f| L_p\| ^q)^{1\over q}<\infty\) (\(I_n\) is the operator of interpolation by trigonometric polynomials of degree \(\leq n\) using the knots \(y_{nk}\)). Furthermore, they prove an error estimate for trigonometric interpolation in the space \(B_{p1}^{1\over p}\), \(1<p<\infty\). Finally, the authors use trigonometric interpolation to construct unconditional Schauder bases for the Besov spaces \(B_{pq}^s\). The first estimate of the error of trigonometric interpolation on uniform knots is by \textit{V. Kh. Khristov} [Math. Balk., New Ser. 3, No. 3-4, 418-429 (1989; Zbl 0752.42013)]. In the nonperiodic case, \textit{G. Mastroianni} and \textit{M. G. Russo} [Constructive Approximation 15, No. 2, 257-289 (1999)] recently characterised Besov spaces which are defined with the help of the Ditzian-Totik modulus of smoothness by algebraic Lagrange interpolation in the zeros of orthogonal polynomials with respect to rather general weight functions.