New expressions for the solution of the matrix equation \({\mathbf A}^ T{\mathbf X}+{\mathbf X}{\mathbf A}={\mathbf H}\) (Q1371459)

The matrix equation \(AX+ XA=H\) where \(A\) is symmetric appears in a variety of problems in continuum mechanics and other subjects. The author presents new solutions which appear to be more concise. This is achieved by employing the adjoint matrix \(\widehat A\) of \(A\), and by considering the solutions to the symmetric and skew-symmetric parts of \(H\) separately. The derivation is no more complicated if we consider the more general matrix equation \(A^TX+ XA=H\) in which \(A\) need not be symmetric. The main results are shown in each section except the introductory section. The paper is divided by the sections of introduction, the solution for an arbitrary \(H\) in \(A^TX+ XA=H\), when \(H\) is skew-symmetric, when \(H\) is symmetric, an alternate expression and discussions.