Krichever maps, Faà di Bruno polynomials, and cohomology in KP theory (Q1375377)

The authors elucidate the cohomology meaning of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) hierarchy of integrable equations which was considered for the first time by Mulase (1984). The KP flows are known to describe a point movement in the universal Grassmannian. The authors show that the Faà di Bruno polynomials, which are defined recursively, form a basis in a subspace of the universal Grassmannian associated to the KP hierarchy. For the algebraic geometrical solutions of the KP equations a point in the universal Grassmannian is associated via the Krichever map to the datum of a smooth algebraic spectral curve, a point on it with an appropriate local coordinate, a line bundle and a local trivialization in a neighborhood of the point. In this situation the Faà di Bruno recursion relations appear to be the cocycle condition for the Welters hypercohomology group which describes the deformations of the line bundle over the spectral curve. The authors illustrate the general theory by the example of an elliptic spectral curve.