Weighted estimates for the Helmholtz equation and some applications (Q1376556)

The authors deal with the Helmholtz equation in \(\mathbb{R}^n\) together with the Sommerfeld radiation condition \[ (\Delta+ k^2)u= f,\;\int_{S_R}|\partial_ru- iku|^2d\sigma= \sigma(R^{n-1})\quad\text{as }R\to\infty.\tag{\(*\)} \] Let \({\mathcal T}_r\) be the class of weight functions \(V\geq 0\) such that \[ |||V|||= \sup\int^\infty_\mu {H(r)r\over (r^2- \mu^2)^{1/2}} dr<\infty,\quad H(r)= \sup V(\omega)\quad\text{for }\omega\in S_r. \] The main results can be stated as follows: If \(V_1,V_2\in{\mathcal T}_r\) then \[ \int |u(x)|^2 V_1(x)dx\leq (C/k^2)|||V_1|||\cdot |||V_2|||\int|f(x)|^2 V_2(x)^{-1}dx, \] \[ \int|\nabla u(x)|^2 V_2(x)dx\leq C|||V_1|||\cdot |||V_2|||\in |f(x)|^2 V_2(x)^{-1}dx, \] for any \(f\in C^\infty_0\) and appropriate constant \(C\). A radial nonnegative measurable function \(V\) belongs to \({\mathcal T}_r\) if and only if \[ \int|u(x)|^2 V(|x|)dx\leq {C\over k^2} \int|f(x)|^2 V^{-1}(|x|)dx \] for any solution of \((*)\) and appropriate \(C\). Let \(V\in{\mathcal T}_r\), and \(R(z)\) be the extension of the operator \((\Delta+z)^{-1}\) to \(L^2(V^{-1}(x)dx)\). Then \(R(\lambda+ i0)f=\) weak \(\lim R(z)f\) (\(z\to\lambda\), \(\text{Im }z\geq 0\)) exists in \(L^2(V(x)dx)\) and resolves \((*)\) for any given \(f\in C^\infty_0\). Precise estimates of Bessel and Hankel functions are needed in the proofs.