Modular forms, generalized Dedekind symbols and period polynomials (Q1377074)

We consider a function \(D:\{(p, q)\in\mathbb{Z}\times \mathbb{Z}\mid p>0,\text{ gcd}(p,q)= 1\}\to\mathbb{C}\) satisfying (D1): \(D(p,q)= D(p,q+ p)\), (D2): \(D(p,-q)=\pm D(p,q)\), (D3): \(D(p,q)- D(q,-p)= f(p,q)\) for \(p, q>0\). When the sign is negative and \(f(p,q)= {p^2+ q^2- 3pq+1\over 12pq}\), \(D(p,q)\) gives the original Dedekind sums. We show that there exists \(D\) satisfying (D1) to (D3) if and only if \(f\) satisfies (f1): \(f(p,q)\pm f(q,p)= 0\), (f2): \(f(p+ q,q)+ f(p,p+ q)= f(p,q)\), (f3): \(f(1,1)= 0\). We call functions satisfying (D1) and (D2) generalized Dedekind symbols. Next, we study functions which satisfy (f1) to (f3) under the additional condition that they are Laurent polynomials. For a given positive integer \(n\), we can obtain every such homogeneous Laurent polynomial of degree \(n\). Finally, we show that there is the natural isomorphism \(\phi\) from the space of cusp forms to the space of generalized Dedekind symbols which have polynomial reciprocity law. It is also shown that there is an isomorphism \(\psi\) from the space of such generalized Dedekind symbols to the space of period polynomials. The composition \(\psi\circ\phi\) can be identified with the period mapping, which is proved to be an isomorphism by Eichler-Shimura theory. It is also shown that \(\phi\) extends to a monomorphism from the space of modular forms to the space of generalized Dedekind symbols which have Laurent polynomial reciprocity law. In this case, the mapping \(\psi\circ\phi\) can be identified with a slight modification of Zagier's isomorphism.