A generalization of Kummer's congruences (Q1378245)

The authors prove the following theorem: Let \(k\) be a positive integer relatively prime to a prime number \(p\), and let \(\alpha,\beta\) be non--negative integers such that \(\alpha + jk=p\beta\) for some integer \(j\) with \(0\leq j \leq p-1\). Then for any non-negative number \(N\), \[ {\textstyle\frac 1m}\{ B_m({\textstyle\frac\alpha{k}})-p^{m-1} B_m({\textstyle\frac\beta{k}})\}\equiv{\textstyle\frac 1n}\{ B_n({\textstyle\frac\alpha{k}})-p^{n-1} B_n({\textstyle\frac\beta{k}})\} \pmod{p^{N+1}} \] if \(p-1\) is not a divisor of \(m\) and \(m\equiv n\pmod{(p-1)p^{N}}\). Here \(B_n(x)\) are the Bernoulli polynomials. For \(k=1\) and \(\alpha=\beta=j=0\) the classical congruences of Kummer occur. Furthermore, they give another proof by using \(p\)-adic integration on \(p\)-adic spaces. This method is similar to the classic case as shown in [\textit{N. Koblitz}, \(p\)-adic analysis: A short course on recent work. Cambridge University Press (1980; Zbl 0439.12011)].