Stability of Markov semigroups and applications to parabolic systems (Q1378586)

The authors consider an evolution equation of the form (*) \(\partial u/ \partial t= {\mathcal A}u\), where \(u=(u_1,u_2)\) and the operator \({\mathcal A}\) is given by \({\mathcal A} (u_1,u_2) =(-pu_2+qu_2+ A_1u_1, pu_1-qu_2 +a_2u_2)\). It is assumed that \(p:\mathbb{R}^d \to[0,+ \infty)\) and \(q: \mathbb{R}^d\to [0,+\infty)\) are continuous and bounded functions, the differential operators \(A_1, A_2\) are given by \[ A_kf= \sum^d_{i,j=1} {\delta^2 \bigl(a_{ij} (x,k) f\bigr)\over \partial x_i \partial x_j} -\sum^d_{i=1} {\partial\bigl(b_i(x,k) f\bigr)\over \partial x_i},\;k=1,2. \] Let \(X= \mathbb{R}^d \times \{1,2\}\), and let \(L^1(X)\) be the Banach space of integrable function on \(X\) with the norm \(\| v\|= \int_{\mathbb{R}^d} | v(x,1)| dx+\int_{\mathbb{R}^d} | v(x,1) | dx\). By \(\Sigma\) denote the \(\sigma\)-algebra of Borel subsets of \(X\), and let \(\mu\) be the product measure on \(\Sigma\). We can identify the space \(L^1(\mathbb{R}^d) \times L^1 (\mathbb{R}^d)\) and \(L^1 (X)\) by \(v_i(x)= v(x,i)\) for \(i=1,2\) and \(v\in L^1(X)\). Let \(D(X)= \{v\in L^1(X): v\geq 0\), \(\| v \| =1\}\). Let \(A^*_k\) be the formal adjoint differential operators to \(A_k\). Then \({\mathcal A}^*V= (A^*_1V,A^*_2V)\) is the adjoint operator of \({\mathcal A}\). The authors prove the following main result of this paper: Assume that there exist nonnegative functions \(V_1\in C^2 (\mathbb{R}^d)\) and \(V_2\in C^2(\mathbb{R}^d)\) and \(r>0\) such that \[ \sup_{x\notin B(r)} {\mathcal A}^*_k V(x)<0 \text{ for } k=1,2. \] Then there exists a stationary solution \(v\in D(X)\) of (*) and for every solution \(u(t)\) of (*) such that \(u(0)\in D(X)\) we have \(\lim_{t\to \infty} \| u(t)-v_* \|=0\).