A geometric example of non-trivially mixed Hodge structures (Q1380012)

Let \(\overline{f}: \overline{X}= \{((x,y,z); (\alpha,\beta))\in \mathbb{P}_\mathbb{C}^2\times \mathbb{P}_\mathbb{C}^1\); \(\beta x^3+\beta y^3+\beta z^3-3\alpha xyz=0\}\to \mathbb{P}_\mathbb{C}^1\) denote the Hessian family of elliptic curves. Let \(S= \mathbb{P}_\mathbb{C}^1- \{1,\rho,\rho^2, \infty\}\), where \(\rho\) is a primitive third root of unity. Then the family restricts to a smooth family \(f:X\to S\) with a general fiber \(X_s\). In this article the author shows that the mixed Hodge structure on the second cohomology group \(H^2 (X,X_s)\) is a non-splitting extension of \(\mathbb{Z}(-2)^4\) by \(H^1(X_s)\). The proof consists of the following three steps: (i) To determine completely the mixed \(\mathbb{Q}\)-Hodge structures on \(H^\bullet (X,\mathbb{Q})\) by using the weight spectral sequence with respect to the compactification \(X\subset \overline{X}\); (ii) to show that \(H^2(X,\mathbb{Z})\) is torsion free, and (iii) to find an appropriate element in \(F^2H^2 (X,X_s)_c\cong H^0(\overline{X}, \Omega_{\overline{X}}^2 (D))\), where \(D= \overline{f}^{-1} (\mathbb{P}_\mathbb{C}^1-S)\) denotes the union of the singular fibers, in order to ensure the extension is nontrivial.