On a functional equation relating a Laurent series \(f(x)\) to \(f(x^m)\) (Q1381535)

Let \(f(x)\) be a formal Laurent series with complex coefficients and \(P(x,y) \in \mathbb{C}(x) [y]\). The author considers the functional equation \[ f(x^m)= P\bigl(x,f (x)\bigr) \tag{1} \] where \(m\geq 2\) is an integer. The problem of relation between the Laurent series \(f(x)\) and \(f(x^m)\) appears in a number of situations. The following result is presented. If \(f(x)\) is a Laurent series with complex coefficients, not representing a rational function satisfying equation (1), then the set of suitable \(m\) consists of the powers of a single integer. The proof of this theorem is based on a number of interesting results.