On the Korteweg-de Vries equation: Frequencies and initial value problem (Q1382056)

The Korteweg-de Vries equation (KdV) on the circle is the main subject of the paper. This equation may be considered as a completely integrable Hamiltonian system of infinite dimension with the phase space \(L_2(S^1)\) and with the Hamiltonian \[ {\mathcal H}(q)= \int_{S^1} (\textstyle{1\over 2}(\partial_xq(x))^2+q(x)^3)dx. \] In previous works the authors proved that KdV admits globally defined (generalized) action-angle variables. But the Hamiltonian \(\mathcal H\) is only defined on the dense subspace \(H^1(S^1)\) and so are the frequencies \(\omega_j={\partial{\mathcal H}/\partial J_j}\), given by the partial derivatives of \(\mathcal H\) with respect to the action variables \(J_j\). The main result proved in the paper is global existence and analyticity of \(\omega_j(q)\) on the space \(L_2(S^1)\). This result is used to analize so called Bourgain's weak solution of KdV with initial data in \(L_2(S^1)\). The same method can be used for any equation in the KdV-hierarchy.