Some arithmetic Fuchsian groups with signature \((0;e_1,e_2,e_3,e_4)\) (Q1382853)

The author determines all arithmetic Fuchsian groups \(\Gamma\) with signature \((0; e_1, e_2, e_3, e_4)\) (quotient surface of genus 0, four elliptic points of orders \(e_i\)) which are subgroups of normalizer \(\Gamma^* (A;O)\) of maximal orders \(O\) in quaternion algebras \(A\) over the rational number field \(Q\). The result and method generalize previous work of Takeuchi which dealt with the cases of signature \((0; e_1, e_2, e_3)\) and \((1;e)\) in all generality, and the case \((0; e_1, e_2, e_3, e_4)\) in the special case where \(A\) was restricted to be isomorphic with \(M_2(Q)\). The argument first relates the discriminant \(D(S)\) of \(A\) with the volume of \(H/ \Gamma^* (A,O)\), where \(H\) is the Hamilton quaternion algebra over \(R\), then relates the volume with signature and subgroup index via number theoretic work of Vignéras and Michon. The resulting data is fed into the characterization theorem of Singerman which connects subgroup existence with the existence of a homomorphism onto a very nice permutation group; the author determines precisely when the required homomorphism exists.