Weighted \(L^2\) inequalities for classical and semiclassical weights (Q1383258)

It is known that the second order ordinary differential equation of hypergeometric type \[ A(x)y''+B(x)y'+\lambda_ny=0, \] where \(A(x)=ax^2+bx+c\not\equiv 0\), \(B(x)=dx+e\), and \(\lambda_n=-n(a(n-1) +d)\), \(n=0,1,2,\dots\), gives rise to an orthogonal polynomial system of eigenfunctions, if and only if, \(s_n:=an+d\neq 0\) and \(s_{n-1}s_{2n-1} s_{2n+1}A(-(bn+e)/s_{2n})>0\). The system is orthogonal relative to a weight function \(w\) on an interval \(I\) which is characterized by the number of zeros of \(A(x)\), and on the interior of which \(w\) is any nonnegative solution of the differential equation \((A(x)w(x))'-B(x)w(x)=0\). There are essentially (up to a linear change of variable) three distinct OPS's. The Jacobi polynomials \(\{P_n^{(\alpha,\beta)}\}\), \((\alpha,\beta>-1)\), on \([-1,1]\); the Laguerre polynomials \(\{L^{(\alpha)}_n\}\), \((\alpha>-1)\), on \([0,\infty)\); and the Hermite polynomials \(\{H_n\}\), on \((-\infty, \infty)\). For these there are known Markov-Bernstein inequalities and the Landau inequality. Here the authors replace the weight function \(w\) by a more general function measure \(\sigma\) which is positive semidefinite, i.e., \(\int P^2 d\sigma\geq 0\), for all polynomials \(P\); and which is what the authors call semiclassical, that is, there exist polynomials \(A\) and \(B\) such that for any polynomial \(P\), it follows that \[ \int(PB+P'A) d\sigma=0. \] The authors extend the inequalities to this setting and in some cases show that they obtain more general inequalities even for the classical cases.