The Möbius inverse monoid (Q1383964)

We recall that a Möbius transformation is a (generally) partial injection \(\alpha\) of the complex plane \(\mathbb{C}\) which is given by \(\alpha(z)=(az+b)/(cz+d)\) where \(a\), \(b\), \(c\), \(d\) are complex numbers such that \(ad-bc\neq 0\). Evidently, the domain of any Möbius transformation misses at most one point of \(\mathbb{C}\). The domain of the composition of two Möbius transformations quite often is the complement of a two point set and so the composition is not itself a Möbius transformation. Let \(I(\mathbb{C})\) denote the partially ordered (by inclusion) symmetric inverse monoid on \(\mathbb{C}\). Then the collection of all Möbius transformations generates a partially ordered inverse submonoid \(\mathcal M\) of \(I(\mathbb{C})\) which is referred to as the Möbius inverse monoid. Every inverse semigroup admits a natural partial order by defining \(a\leq b\) if \(a=eb\) for some idempotent \(e\). The minimum group congruence \(\sigma\) on an inverse semigroup \(\mathcal S\) is defined by \((a,b)\in\sigma\) if and only if \(c\leq a\) and \(c\leq b\) for some \(c\in{\mathcal S}\). The author proves that each \(\sigma\)-class of \(\mathcal M\) contains a maximum element and that \({\mathcal M}/\sigma\) is isomorphic to the Möbius group where the product \(\alpha_1\odot\alpha_2\) of two Möbius transformations \(\alpha_1=(a_1z+b_1)/(c_1z+d_1)\) and \(\alpha_2=(a_2z+b_2)/(c_2z+d_2)\) is defined by \[ \alpha_1\odot\alpha_2=((a_1a_2+b_1c_2)z+(a_1b_2+b_1d_2))/((c_1a_2+d_1c_2)z+(c_1b_2+d_1d_2)). \] The author then goes on to investigate the inverse semigroup of all extended Möbius transformations on the extended complex plane.