Two-dimensional contrast steplike structures: Asymptotic behavior, existence, stability (Q1385962)

Consider the boundary value problem \[ \varepsilon^2\Delta u=f(u,x, \varepsilon), \quad x\in D\subset \mathbb{R}^2. \tag{1} \] \[ u(x,\varepsilon) =g(x), \quad x\in\partial D, \tag{2} \] where \(u\) is a scalar function, \(\Delta\) is the Laplace operator, and \(\varepsilon>0\) is a small parameter. The known functions \(f\) and \(g\) and the boundary \(\partial D\) of the domain under consideration are sufficiently smooth. A contrast steplike structure is a solution to problem (1), (2) that is close to different solutions \(\varphi_1(x)\) and \(\varphi_2(x)\) to the degenerate equation \(f(u,x,0)=0\) on different sides from some closed smooth curve \(C\) lying inside \(D\), while in a small neighborhood of \(C\), the solution \(u(x,\varepsilon)\) passes from \(\varphi_1(x)\) to \(\varphi_2(x)\). The allocation of the curve \(C\) is not known in advance; it is found in constructing an asymptotics. In this work, the existence of a solution with an internal transition layer (this solution has a contrast steplike structure) is proved, its asymptotics is determined, the method of differential inequalities is developed, and the accuracy of the asymptotics is estimated based on this method.