Logic of knowledge and utterance and the liar (Q1386685)

To an S5 logic for knowledge is added an operator \(U\phi\), to be read ``The agent utters \(\phi\)''. The rules of inference include modus ponens, logical omniscience (If \(\lvdash\phi\) then \(\lvdash K\phi\)) and logical omni-utterance (If \(\lvdash\phi\) then \(\lvdash U\phi\)). The resulting system can then resolve the Liar paradox provided that lying or its opposite are taken to be intentional states of the speaker. Semantics and soundness and completeness proofs for them are provided.