Carlson type inequalities (Q1386694)

In [Ark. Mat. Astron. Fys. B 25, No. 1, 1-5 (1934; Zbl 0009.34202)], \textit{F. Carlson} proved the inequality \[ \int_0^\infty| f| \leq \sqrt{\pi} \Biggl(\int_0^\infty f^2\Biggr)^{1/4} \Biggl(\int_0^\infty x^2f^2 \Biggr)^{1/4} \] and its discrete version, and showed that the constant is sharp. The main result of the paper states that, in the modified inequality \[ \int_0^\infty| f| \leq C \Biggl(\int_0^\infty f^2\Biggr)^{1/4} \Biggl(\int_0^\infty (x-a)^2f^2\Biggr)^{1/4}, \] where \(a>0\), the optimal constant \(C\) is no longer equal to \(\sqrt{\pi}\), but to \(\sqrt{2\pi}\), although, strikingly, in the discrete version with \(a=1/2\) the best constant remains equal to \(\sqrt{\pi}\). Various generalizations are given, including the multidimensional case, and connections to other fields, as interpolation, are pointed out. The paper also contains a brief biographical note about the Swedish mathematician Fritz Carlson (1888-1952).