Global versus local asymptotic theories of finite-dimensional normed spaces (Q1387860)

The global asymptotic theory refers to properties of symmetric convex bodies and its images under linear transformations. The local properties belong to the structure of sections and projections of the body. As an example of the parallelism between the global theory and the local theory is the Dvoretzky's theorem proved in Section 2. For \(X=(\mathbb R^{n},\|\cdot\|,|\cdot|)\) where \(|\cdot|\) is the euclidean norm there are considered \[ k(X)=\max \left\{k\in \mathbb Z\mid\mu_{G_{n,k}} \left(\left\{E \in G_{n,k}\mid \tfrac{M}{2} | x | \leq \| x \| \leq 2M| x |,\;x \in E\right\}\right) > 1-\tfrac{k}{n-k} \right\} \] where \(\mu_{G_{n,k}}\) is the Haar probability measure on the Grassmannian manifold \(G_{n,k}\) of all k-dimensional subspaces of \(\mathbb R^n\), and \[ t(X)=\min\left\{t \in \mathbb Z\mid\exists u_i \in O(n) \text{ and }\tfrac{M}{2} | x | \leq \tfrac{1}{t}\sum_{i=1}^{t}\| {u_i(x)} \| \leq 2M| x |,\;x\in \mathbb R^n\right\}. \] The main result in Section 2 is a more precise version of the statement ``\(C^{-1}n \leq k(X)t(X) \leq Cn\), where \(C\) is a universal constant''. Let \(u_i\), \(i=1,\dots,t\) be orthogonal transformations so that for all \(x \in \mathbb R^n\), \(| x | \leq t^{-1}\sum_{i=1}^{t} \| u_ix\| \leq C | x | \). Then \(X\) contains, for each \(\varepsilon > 0\), a subspace of dimension \(k=[(\eta \varepsilon^2 / C^2)(n/t)]\) on which the norm is \(1 + \varepsilon\) equivalent to a multiple of the euclidean norm, where \(\eta\) is a universal constant. The probability of the collection of all subspaces of dimension \(k\) having this property is estimated. The reverse of this statement is also formulated. The proof is constructed on the inequality \(\| x\| \leq C \sqrt t | x |\), formulated in a lemma. In the next section are considered the symmetric convex bodies \(B_i\) satisfying the inverse Brunn-Minkovski inequality \((\text{vol} (t_1B_1+\dots+t_kB_k))^{1/n} \leq C_k[(\text{vol}(t_1B_1))^{1/n}+\dots+ (\text{vol} (t_k B_k))^{1/n}]\) for all \(t_1>0,\dots,t_k>0\) and for some constant \(C_k\) (it is said that \(B_i\) is in \(M\)-position). If \(K\) is in \(M\)-position and for some \(t\) orthogonal transformations \(u_i\), \(r | x | \leq \frac{1}{t}\sum_{i=1}^{t} \| u_ix \| \leq Cr | x |\) for all \(x \in \mathbb R^n\), where \(r>0, C<\infty\), then there exists a \(C'(t,C)\) and an orthogonal transformation \(u\) such that for some \(r'\), \(r' | x | \leq \| x \| + \| ux \| \leq C'r' | x |\) for all \(x \in \mathbb R^n\). The section 4 presents examples of parallel statements in the global and local theory for properties related to finite volume ratio. For two bodies \(K\) and \(H\), \(N(K,H)\) denote the minimal number of translates of \(H\) needed to cover \(K\). If \(D\) verifies \(| K |=| D |\) and \(N(K,D) \leq e^{Cn}\), then with high probability a \([\frac{n+1}{2}]\)-dimensional subspace of \(\mathbb R^n\) satisfies \(\delta q D \subset qK\) for \(\delta > 0\) depending only on \(C\) and, \(N(K,2D) \leq e^{C'(C)n}\). The reverse statement of this result is also proved. The other example is the reverse statement of a result of V. D. Milman (when \(B_X\) is in \(M\)-position, a random subspace of quotient of proportional dimension is Euclidean) and expresses the global property implied by this local result.