Spurious energy dissipation/generation in stiffness recovery models for elastic degradation and damage (Q1388551)

The (lack of) energy conservation in the title problem is examined in terms of the spurious dissipation rate, which is developed for a relatively general class of recovery models. They include the positive-negative projection operators and the bimodular formulations with different stiffnesses for tension and compression. It is shown that under proportional loading in strain or stress, all these formulations are energy conservative. Under non-proportional loading, however, they are only conservative in conjunction with isotropic degradation, and they exhibit spurious dissipation generation when anisotropic degradation is considered and the load history involves rotation of principal directions.