The acoustic analogy and the prediction of the noise of rotating blades (Q1390023)

The paper focuses on the prediction of the noise of rotating machinery. The governing Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) equation for this problem is a wave equation for perturbation density with three source terms, which are known as thickness, loading, and the quadrupole source terms. We present some mathematical results for noise prediction based on the FW-H equation, including examples for helicopter rotors. In particular, we discuss the prediction of blade-vortex interaction noise and high-speed impulsive noise of helicopter rotors. For high-speed propellers, we briefly discuss the derivation of a singularity-free solution of the FW-H equation for a supersonic panel on a blade.