\(\mathcal J\)-trivial subsemigroups of finite full transformation semigroups (Q1393039)

A semigroup \(S\) is defined to be \(\rho\)-trivial, where \(\rho\) is any equivalence relation on \(S\), if \(a\rho b\) implies \(a=b\). Let \(T(X)\) denote the full transformation semigroup on a finite set \(X\). The author characterizes the \(\rho\)-trivial subsemigroups of \(T(X)\) when \(\rho\) is any one of Green's relations \(\mathcal L\), \(\mathcal R\), and \(\mathcal J\). He also characterizes the maximal \(\mathcal R\)-trivial subsemigroups and the maximal \(\mathcal J\)-trivial subsemigroups of \(T(X)\). For example, denote by \(\text{Fix}(\alpha)\) the set of fixed points of a transformation \(\alpha\) on \(X\) and denote by \(\Omega(\alpha)\) the collection of all orbits of \(\alpha\). The author proves that a subsemigroup \(S\) of \(T(X)\) is \(\mathcal J\)-trivial if and only if \(\text{Fix}(\alpha\beta)=\text{Fix}(\alpha)\cap\text{Fix}(\beta)\) and \(\Omega(\alpha\beta)=\Omega(\alpha)\wedge\Omega(\beta)\) for all \(\alpha,\beta\in S\). It is appropriate to mention that a causal reading of the paper might lead to conclusions which are invalid. For example, let \(X=\{1,2,\dots,n\}\), let \(\leq\) be the usual order on \(X\) and let \(T_{RE}(X)=\{\alpha\in T(X):x\alpha\leq x\) for all \(x\in X\}\). It is stated in Theorem 4.3 that a subsemigroup \(S\) of \(T(X)\) is \(\mathcal J\)-trivial if and only if (1) \(S\subseteq T_{RE}(X)\), (2) \(\Omega(S)\) forms a \(\wedge\)-semilattice, and (3) \(\text{Min}(\Omega(\alpha)\wedge\Omega(\beta))=\text{Min}(\Omega(\alpha\beta))\cap\text{Min}(\Omega(t))\) for all \(\alpha,\beta\in S\). One might conclude from this that any \(\mathcal J\)-trivial subsemigroup of \(T(X)\) must be a subsemigroup of \(T_{RE}(X)\) where \(X\) has the usual order. However, examples of \(\mathcal J\)-trivial subsemigroups of \(T(X)\) which are not contained in \(T_{RE}(X)\) are abundant. What is true (and this is noted by the author in a discussion preceding the statement of Theorem 4.3) is that every \(\mathcal J\)-trivial of \(T(X)\) is a subsemigroup of \(T_{RE}(X)\) for some total order on \(X\) which may well differ from the usual order. A number of additional results are obtained including one which counts, up to isomorphism, the number of maximal \(\mathcal J\)-trivial subsemigroups of \(T(X)\). Specifically, if \(| X|=n\), then there are, up to isomorphism, exactly \(2^{(n-1)(n-2)/2}\) maximal \(\mathcal J\)-trivial subsemigroups of \(T(X)\). Finally, the necessary and sufficient condition in (1) of Lemma 1.1 for a periodic semigroup \(S\) to be \(\mathcal R\)-trivial should read \((ab)^ma=(ab)^m\).