On Gaussian periods that are rational integers (Q1396316)

Let \(p,q \in \mathbb P\) be odd primes and \(n\) be the order of \(q \pmod p\). Let \(Q\) denote a prime of \(\mathbb Q (\zeta_p)\) dividing \((q)\), with \(\mathbb F = \mathbb F_{q^n}\) its residue class field and with \(\eta_i\) \((0 \leq i \leq p-1)\) the coefficients of the \(p\)th roots of unity appearing in the Gauss sum of a multiplicative character of \(\mathbb F\) of order \(p\). For \(n \geq 2\) it is shown that \(\eta_i \in \mathbb Z\). Let \(e_r(A)\) \((1 \leq r \leq p-2)\) denote the eigenspaces of the \(p\)-part of the ideal class group of \(\mathbb Q (\zeta_p)\) when considered as a \(p\)-adic Galois module. It is well known that for even \(r\), \(e_r(A)\) is trivial if and only if a certain cyclotomic number is not a \(p\)th power in \(\mathbb Q (\zeta_p)\). The author investigates this criterion modulo \(Q\) and obtains sufficient conditions for the vanishing of \(e_r(A)\), presupposing that \(n\), the residue class degree of \(q\), divides \(r-1\). Here the coefficients \(\eta_i\) enter in an intrinsic way. The paper concludes with a specialization of this result to the cases \(n=(p-1)/e\), \(e=2,4,6\), and a description (including a MAPLE program) of how to perform the numerical calculations for a concrete application in a suitable way.