The cup product of Hilbert schemes for K3 surfaces (Q1396683)

Let \(X\) be a complex smooth projective surface. The Hilbert scheme of \(n\)-points \(X^{[n]}\) parametrizes the closed finite subschemes of length \(n\) on \(X\). It is a crepant resolution of the \(n\)-fold symmetric product \(X^{(n)}\) of \(X\). \textit{Y. Ruan} [Contemp. Math. 312, 187--233 (2002; Zbl 1060.14080)] conjectured that the orbifold cohomology \(n\)-fold symmetric product is isomorphic to the cohomology ring of the Hilbert scheme of \(n\)-points. In this interesting and well-written paper a deep result is proved for the cohomology ring of \(X^{[n]}\) (when \(X\) has numerically trivial canonical bundle), which implies Ruan's conjecture. In section 2, the authors prove various technical results about graded Frobenius algebras (we recall that a graded Frobenius algebra \(A\) is a graded vector space endowed with a graded commutative and associative multiplication and a linear map \(T: A \to {\mathbb Q}\) such that \(T(ab)\) is a nondegenerate symmetric bilinear form). In particular, a sequence of endomorphisms \(A\to A^{[n]}\) is constructed in the category of graded Frobenius algebras. The cohomology ring \(H^\ast(X^{[n]}, {\mathbb Q})[2n]\) can be given the structure of a graded Frobenius algebra by setting \(T(a) = (-1)^n \int_{X^{[n]}} a\), where the integral denotes the evalution on the fundamental class of \(X^{[n]}\). In section 4, the authors prove their main theorem, which provides an intrinsic and explicit description of the cup product structure of the cohomology ring of the Hilbert scheme of \(n\)-points of a surface \(X\) having numerically trivial canonical bundle (so, \(X\) is a K3, or an Enriques, or an abelian, or a bielliptic surface). Namely, there is a canonical isomorphism of graded rings \[ (H^\ast(X, {\mathbb Q})[2])^{[n]} \to H^\ast(X^{[n]}, {\mathbb Q})[2n]\,. \] This result generalizes previous results obtained by \textit{E. Vasserot} [C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, Sér. I, Math. 332, 7--12 (2001; Zbl 0991.14001)] and by \textit{M. Lehn} and \textit{Ch. Sorger} [Duke Math. J. 110, 345--357 (2001; Zbl 1093.14008)].