Casimir elements of \(\mathbb Z\)-forms of modular Lie algebras (Q1398525)

Let \(G\) be an arbitrary algebra over a field \( k\) and \(L_x\) the multiplication operator of \(x\in G\). Extend \(L_x\) to be a derivation \(D_{x\text{ }}\)of the symmetric algebra \(S(G)\) generated by \(G\). Let \(D\) be the associative algebra generated by \(\{D_x,x\in G\}\) and \(D_L\) the Lie algebra associated to \(D\). If \(P\) and \(P^{*}\) are mutually dual submodules of the \(D_{L}\)-module \(S(G)\) and \(\{u_i\}\), \(\{u_i^{*}\} \) their dual bases, then \(z=z(P,P^{*})\) is called a generalized Casimir element. The author proves that if \(z\) is \(D_{L}\)-invariant in \(S(G),\) \(\deg z>1\) (and \(\deg z\) is not divisible by \(p\) if \(\text{Char\,} k=p>0\)) and \(\dim _kG<\infty \), then \(z=z(P,P^{*})\) with \(P\subset G.\) This is an analogue to a theorem of \textit{L. P. Bedratyuk} [Symmetric invariants of modular Lie algebras, Ph. Thesis, Moscow (1995)] for the central elements of the universal enveloping algebra of a modular Lie algebra. An application to the so called ``\(\mathbb{Z}\)-form'' of a simple Lie algebra over \(F_p\) is also given.