Efficient smooth stratification of an algebraic variety in zero characteristic and its applications (Q1400870)

Let \(V\subseteq {\mathbb P}^n(\overline{k})\) be a projective algebraic variety over a zero characteristic field \(k\) which is the set of common zeros of a family of homogeneous polynomials of degree less than \(d\) in \(n+1\) variables with coefficients from \(k\). A smooth cover of \(V\) is a finite family \(\{ V_\alpha\}\), \(\alpha\in A\), of quasiprojective smooth algebraic varieties \(V_\alpha\subseteq{\mathbb P}^n(\overline{k})\) such that \(V=\bigcup_{\alpha\in A}V_\alpha\) and all the irreducible components of \(V_\alpha\) have the same dimension (depending on \(\alpha\)). A smooth cover \(\{ V_\alpha\}\) of \(V\) is called a smooth stratification of \(V\), if for any \(\alpha_1,\alpha_2\in A, \alpha_1 \neq \alpha_2\) we have \(V_{\alpha_1}\cap V_{\alpha_2}=\emptyset\). In this paper a new representation of quasiprojective algebraic varieties is introduced. Using this representation, the author proves the existence of a smooth cover and a smooth stratification \(V=\bigcup_{\alpha\in A}V_\alpha\) such that for every \(\alpha\in A\) the degree \(\overline{V}_\alpha\) of the Zariski closure \(\overline{V}_\alpha\) is bounded above by \(2^{2^{n^C}}d^n\) where \(C>0\) is an absolute constant, and the order of \(A\) is bounded above by \(2^{2^{n^C}}d^n\) in the case of smooth cover and by \(2^{2^{n^C}}d^{n(n+1)/2}\) in the case of smooth stratification. In the algorithmic part of this paper the field \(k\) is assumed to be finitely generated over \(\mathbb Q\). A method is presented to construct sequences of local parameters for components of algebraic varieties at a time that is polynomial in the size of the input and in the value \(2^{2^{n^C}}d^n\). Using the results of his previous work [\textit{A. L. Chistov}, J. Math. Sci., New York 108, 897-933 (2002); translation from Zap. Nauch. Semin. POMI 258, 7-59 (1999; Zbl 1081.14527) and in: Proc. St. Petersburg Math. Soc. vii. Transl., Ser. 2, Am. Math. Soc. 203, 201-231 (2001; Zbl 1086.14511)], the author gives an algorithm for constructing regular sequences and sequences of local parameters in the local ring of a component of dimension \(n-s\) of \(V\) at a time that is polynomial in the size of the input and in \(n^{2^{s^C}}d^n\). In all these results the constants \(C\) can be computed explicitly.