Vanishing theorems and character formulas for the Hilbert scheme of points in the plane (Q1401432)

In an earlier paper [J. Am. Math. Soc. 14, No. 4, 941--1006 (2001; Zbl 1009.14001)], the author showed that the Hilbert scheme \(H_n= \text{Hilb}^n(\mathbb{C}^2)\) of points in the plane can be identified with the Hilbert scheme of regular orbits \(\mathbb{C}^{2n}//S_n\), as defined by \textit{Y. Itô} and \textit{I. Nakamura} [Proc. Japan Acad., Ser. A 72, No. 7, 135--138 (1996; Zbl 0881.14002)]. Using this identification and a generalization of the McKay correspondence shown recently by \textit{T. Bridgeland}, \textit{A. D. King} and \textit{M. Reid} [J. Am. Math. Soc. 14, No. 3, 535--554 (2001; Zbl 0966.14028)], he proves vanishing theorems for tensor powers of tautological bundles on \(H_n\). Then he applies these vanishing theorems to establish several further theorems. 1) The author proves a series of character formulas for spaces of global sections of these vector bundles. In particular, he obtains the character formula for diagonal harmonics conjectured by \textit{A. M. Garsia} and him [J. Algebr. Comb. 5, No. 3, 191--244 (1996; Zbl 0853.05008)]. This result implies that the dimension of the space of diagonal harmonics is \((n+ 1)^{n-1}\) and that the Hilbert series of the bigraded subspace of skew elements is given by the \(q, t\)-Catalan polynomial. 2) The author shows the ``operator conjecture'' stated in a previous paper [J. Algebr. Comb. 3, No. 1, 17--76 (1994; Zbl 0803.13010)] which says that the space of diagonal harmonics is generated by certain \(S_n\)-invariant polarization operators applied to the space of classical harmonics. One of the main technical tools used in the paper is the polygraph, a subspace arrangement in \(\mathbb{C}^{2n+2l}\) consisting of the tuples \((P_1,\dots, P_n,Q_1,\dots, Q_l)\) such that \(Q_i\in \{P_1,\dots, P_n\}\) for all \(i\). Its homogeneous coordinate ring \(R(n, l)\) is the space of global sections of the vector bundles in question and carries geometric information about the Hilbert scheme. The author also formulates several conjectures concerning further results on \(\text{Hilb}^n(\mathbb{C}^2)\) and the Hilbert schemes \(\text{Hilb}^n(\mathbb{C}^d)\) with \(d\geq 3\).