On the structure of \(\mathcal{IO}_n\) (Q1402899)

Let \(N=\{1,2,\dots,n\}\). Denote by \({\mathcal{IO}}_n\) the semigroup of all order preserving partial injections of \(N\) and let \({\mathcal{IS}}_n\) denote the full symmetric inverse semigroup of all partial injections of \(N\). The authors get information about the ideals and Green's relations of \({\mathcal{IO}}_n\). For example, they show that every left (right, two-sided, principal, left principal, right principal) ideal \(I\) of \({\mathcal{IO}}_n\) is of the form \(I=J\cap{\mathcal{IO}}_n\) for some unique left (right, two-sided, principal, left principal, right principal) ideal \(J\) of \({\mathcal{IS}}_n\). They go on to get information about sets of generators of \({\mathcal{IO}}_n\) and about the maximal subsemigroups. Among other things, they show that \({\mathcal{IO}}_n\) contains exactly \(2^n-1\) maximal subsemigroups and exactly \(2^{n-1}\) maximal inverse subsemigroups. They go on to prove that \({\mathcal{IO}}_n\) has only one automorphism in addition to the identity map and they then get information about the maximal nilpotent subsemigroups of \({\mathcal{IO}}_n\). For example, they note that all maximal nilpotent subsemigroups of \({\mathcal{IO}}_2\) are isomorphic and they show that if \(n>2\), then \({\mathcal{IO}}_n\) contains exactly \(\tfrac 12(n!-(n-1)!)\) pairwise nonisomorphic maximal nilpotent subsemigroups. In addition, they show that the maximal cardinality of a nilpotent subsemigroup of \({\mathcal{IO}}_n\) is the \(n\)-th Catalan number \(tfrac1{n+1}{2n\choose n}\).