The Sibirsky component of the center variety of polynomial differential systems. (Q1404419)

The authors present an algorithm that computes, for any polynomial system \[ \begin{aligned} \frac{dx}{dt}=x+F(x,y) & \widehat = x-\sum_{(p,q)\in S}a_{pq}x^{p+1}y^{q}=:P(x,y),\\ \frac{dx}{dt}=-y+G(x,y) & \widehat =-\left(y-\sum_{(p,q)\in S}b_{qp}x^{q}y^{p+1}\right)=:Q(x,y), \end{aligned}\tag{1} \] where \(P(x,y),\;Q(x,y)\in{\mathbb C[x,y]}\) and \[ S=\left\{(p_j,q_j):p_j+q_j\geq1, j=1,{\ldots},l\right\} \subseteq \left\{\left\{-1\right\}\cup{\mathbb N}\right\}\times{\mathbb N}, \] sufficient conditions to have a center at the origin. It is known, that (1) has a Lyapunov function \(\Psi\) of the form \(\Psi(x,y)=xy+ \sum_{s=3}^{\infty} \sum_{j=0}^{s}v_{j,s-j}x^{j}y^{s-j}\), such that \[ \partial_{x}\Psi P(x,y)+\partial_{y}\Psi Q(x,y)= g_{11}(xy)^2+g_{22}(xy)^3+g_{33}(xy)^4+\cdots, \] where the \(g_{ii}\) are polynomials of \({\mathbb C[x,y]}\) and that system (1) has a center at the point \((a^*,b^*)\) iff \(g_{ii}(a^*,b^*)=0\) for all \(i=1,2,{\ldots}\) or iff \[ (a^*,b^*)\in V\left(\langle g_{11},g_{22},\ldots\rangle\right), \] where \(V(I)\) denotes the variety on an ideal \(I\subset{\mathbb C[x,y]}\), that is, the set of all points which are zeros of all polynomials in \(I\). Using methods from computational algebra, the authors are able to compute a subvariety of \(V(B)\), calling it the Sibirsky subvariety of the center variety. They demonstrate the algorithm for cubic systems.