Pseudo-Anosov flows and incompressible tori (Q1406013)

The main theorem: Let \(\Phi\) be a pseudo-Anosov flow in a 3-dimensional closed manifold \(M\) and let \(\mathbf{A}\) be a \(\mathbb{Z}\oplus\mathbb{Z}\) subgroup of \(\pi_1\left( M\right)\). If a nontrivial element of \(\mathbf{A}\) is associated to a closed orbit of \(\Phi\), then \(\mathbf{A}\) can be geometrically represented as a free homotopy from this closed orbit to itself. Otherwise, it follows that \(\Phi\) is topologically conjugate to a suspension of an Anosov diffeomorphism of the torus and in particular it is nonsingular.