Comatrix corings: Galois corings, descent theory, and a structure theorem for cosemisimple corings. (Q1407804)

Let \(_B\Sigma_A\) be a \(B\)-\(A\)-bimodule and let \(\Sigma^*=\Hom_A(\Sigma,A)\). If \(\Sigma_A\) is finitely generated and projective then the authors define an \(A\)-coring structure on \(\Sigma^*\otimes_B\Sigma\) such that \(\Sigma^*\otimes_B\Sigma\) is generated by \(\Sigma\) as right comodule. This construction covers Sweedler's canonical coring and the dual coring defined by \textit{M. Sweedler} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 213, 391-406 (1975; Zbl 0317.16007)]. The left \(A\)-flat \(A\)-corings \(C\) with a finitely generated and projective generator for the category of right \(C\)-comodules are characterized in terms of the previous construction and flatness of endomorphism rings. Some results concerning coring Galois extensions are obtained as particular cases. Since the category of descent data associated to a noncommutative ring extension is the category of comodules over a canonical coring, a generalized descent theorem is proved. The next application of the coring \(\Sigma^*\otimes_B\Sigma\) is the analysis of the structure of cosemisimple corings. The simple building blocks of a cosemisimple \(A\)-coring are isomorphic to \(\Sigma^*\otimes_{D_\Sigma}\Sigma\) where \(\Sigma\) is a finitely generated projective right \(A\)-module and \(D_\Sigma\subseteq\text{End}(\Sigma_A)\) is a division subring. Finally, if \(C\) is an \(A\)-coring, \(\Sigma\) is a right \(C\)-comodule such that \(\Sigma_A\) is finitely generated and projective, and \(T=\text{End}(\Sigma_C)\) then \(\Sigma^*\) is a \(T\)-quasi-finite \(C\)-\(T\)-comodule, and the coendomorphism \(A\)-coring associated to \(\Sigma^*_T\) is \(\Sigma^*\otimes_T\Sigma\).