\(C^{1}\)-Weierstrass for compact sets in Hilbert space. (Q1408797)

The following notation is used: \({\mathbb H}\) denotes a Hilbert space, \((X,\rho)\) denotes a metric space, \(\text{Lip}(X:{\mathbb H})\) denotes the set of all Lipschitz maps \(X\to{\mathbb H}\), \(\text{Lip}(X)\) is an abbreviation for \(\text{Lip}(X:{\mathbb R})\), \(\text{Lip}(f)\) denotes the Lipschitz constant of \(f\in \text{Lip}(X:{\mathbb H})\). The set \(\text{Lip}(X:{\mathbb H})\) with the Lipschitz norm \(\| f\| _{\text{Lip}}=\sup_{x\in X}\| f(x)\| + \text{Lip}(f)\) is a Banach space. Let \(X\) be a compact subset of \({\mathbb H}\). Then \(C^1(X)\) denotes the set of restrictions on \(X\) of functions in \(C^1({\mathbb H})\). By \({\mathcal F}(X)\) we denote the set of all Whitney 1-jets on \(X\). We recall that a Whitney 1-jet on \(Y\subset{\mathbb H}\) is a pair \((f,F)\), where \(f:Y\to{\mathbb R}\), \(F:Y\to{\mathbb H}\) are continuous maps, such that for any compact \(X\subset Y\) and \(\varepsilon>0\) there is \(\delta>0\) so that \[ | f(x)-f(x')- \langle F(x),x-x'\rangle| <\varepsilon\| x-x'\| \] for all \(x,x'\in X\), \(\| x-x'\| <\delta\). Let \({\mathbb R}[{\mathbb H}]\) denote the ring of polynomials on \({\mathbb H}\), i.e., the ring generated by the real-valued constant functions and bounded linear functions on \({\mathbb H}\). By \({\mathbb R}[X]\) we denote the set of restrictions of polynomials on \(X\). The following subspace inclusions hold: \({\mathbb R}[X]\subset C^1(X)\subset {\mathcal F}(X)\subset\text{Lip}(X)\). The subject of the paper under review are the relations between the closures of these subspaces. The following \(C^1\)-Weierstrass approximation theorem is proved: If \(X\) is a compact subset of \({\mathbb H}\), then the closure of \({\mathbb R}[X]\) in \(\text{Lip}(X)\) contains \(C^1(X)\). The authors define a class of \(Q\)-sets in \({\mathbb H}\). The simplest example of a \(Q\)-set is the Hilbert cube. A way to construct a more general \(Q\)-set is presented in the paper. The following results are proved: Let \(X\) be a compact \(Q\)-set. Then the closure of \({\mathbb R}[X]\) in \(\text{Lip}(X)\) contains \({\mathcal F}(X)\). If, in addition, \(X\) is convex, then the closure is exactly \({\mathcal F}(X)\). If, in the last case, \(\overline{\text{span}}(X)={\mathbb H}\), then \(C^1(X)\) is closed in \(\text{Lip}(X)\) if and only if the \(C^1\)-Whitney extension theorem holds for \(X\). The authors define classical polynomial maps from one Banach space to another and prove a \(C^1\)-Weierstrass approximation theorem for \(C^1\) maps \({\mathbb H}\to{\mathbb H}\) with compact derivatives. Some other interesting results and open questions are presented.